Mchenga wa boya constorateor (Eryx miliaris) ndi wa banja la njoka zamiyendo yamphongo (Boidae). Njoka zonse zokhala ndi miyendo yabodza zili ndi poyizoni, zimangoyenda nyama. Mwa oimira banja lino, onse njoka zikuluzikulu akukhala Padziko lapansi - anaconda ndi net python, komanso zazing'ono ngati sand boa, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera kwa mchenga boa
Thupi laomwe limayenda ndi lalifupi komanso lamtali, lamphamvu, ndipo silisintha ngati njoka zina zambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitirira masentimita 60. Khosi la njokayo silikunena kwenikweni, mchira wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wowuma kumapeto, pafupifupi nthawi 10 kufupikira thupi. Kuchokera pamwambapa, mutu umakhala pang'ono, ndipo maso ang'onoang'ono amawoneka pafupifupi. Oyendayenda adapanga visor kumapeto kwa chizungulire, koma osafanana ndi njoka zakhungu. Pakamwa pamakhala pakumaso kwa mutu.
Amuna ndi akazi kunja kwenikweni sikufanana.
Mbiri yakumbuyo yakumtunda kwa thupi ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kumchenga wowala mpaka woderapo. Potengera maziko awa, mawonekedwe a bulauni omwe ali ndi malire owala, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika, osunthika, omwe amaphatikizana m'malo osiyanasiyana, amapanga zigzags zosagwirizana, amatchulidwa bwino. Zidutswa zakuda zimamwazidwa m'mbali za thupi. Pa mchira wamfupi wakuda, mawanga amaphatikizana ndi mikwingwirima yayitali. Pamutu, mzere wamdima wa kanthawi umaululidwa, kuchokera kumaso mpaka pakona pakamwa.
Pakati pazingwe za mchenga, zimasungunuka nthawi zambiri zimapezeka, zonse (zodzaza ndi khungu) komanso pang'ono (zokhala ndi mawanga amodzi).
Kodi oyendayenda amakhala kuti?
Mchenga wokhala ndi mchenga - woimira anthu am'chipululu cha Central Asia ndi Kazakhstan. Ku Russia amadziwika ku Eastern Ciscaucasia ndi dera Lower Volga.
Palibe zodabwitsa kuti adatengera dzina "mchenga", chifukwa moyo wake umalumikizana kwambiri ndi mchenga zam'chipululu. Chimakhala m dambo lamchenga wosasunthika ndi mchenga wokhazikika wokhazikika, komanso kulikonse komwe kuli dothi lochulukirapo kapena losasunthika. Ndi mwayi chabe kuti imatha kupezeka pamtunda wowonda, komanso m'malo olimidwa. Imagawidwa makamaka pamapululu, ndipo nthawi zina imakwera m'mapiri, koma osakwezeka kupitirira 1200 metres kupitilira nyanja.
Wochedwayo ndi imodzi mwa njoka zam'chipululu zomwe zili ponseponse. Paulendo umodzi wokha wa chipululu, mutha kupeza mitundu iwiri ya zokwawa. M'malo ochulukirapo kwambiri, kupsinjika kwawo kumatha kufikira munthu m'modzi pahekitala iliyonse - ndipo iyi ndi njoka yayikulu kwambiri ya njoka zam'chipululu.
Kodi mchenga wokhala ngati mchenga umakhala bwanji?
Wosokera amayenda mchenga wowoneka bwino. Mchenga kwa iye,, mowona bwino kwa mawu, kwawo. Amalowamo mosavuta, kulowa ndikulowera mkati, ndipo “imayandama” mosavuta pakuzama masentimita angapo pansi. Njokayo ikagwera mumchenga, munthu amatha kuwona tinthu tating'onoting'ono totuluka pamwamba pa thupi lake. Pomwe zodumphazi zinakwawira, mawonekedwe opindika amawoneka ngati ogubuduza awiri omwe ali ndi kukhazikika kwapakatikati pakati pamchenga.
Nthawi zina wopandukayo amasiya, ndikungotulutsa mphumi, maso ndi mphuno kuchokera kumchenga, amateteza nyama. Pakapita nthawi, buluzi amabwera pafupi ndi thukuta lomwe sadziwika. Kuponya kwa njokayo kumakhala kwachangu kwambiri, ndipo tsopano wogwidwayo wagwidwa kale ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, ndipo thupi lamphamvu limazungulira ndi mphete zingapo. Mayendedwe olumikizana komanso othamanga amawoneka ngati odabwitsa pamtunduwu, wodekha komanso wosasangalatsa poyang'ana pang'ono. Popanda kuyembekezera nyama yatsokayo kuti ingokhala chete, ndipo osakung'ung'uza mphete zake zakufa, wopandayo amayamba kuzolowera kumeza nyama yomwe amadya, yomwe imakhala ikulu kwambiri kuposa mutu wamphamvayo, ndipo kumeza si ntchito yosavuta, yokhala mphindi 20 kapena kupitilira. Nthawi zina nyama yomwe imagwidwa ndi yayikulu kwambiri mpaka njokayo singayipewe.
Koma sikuti abuluzi amangodya chakudya chokha. Zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi makoswe onga mbewa, mbalame zazing'ono, akamba, njoka ndi mileme.
Ndipo kugwirira nyama yakubisala sindiwo njira yokhayo yosakira njoka iyi. Woyendayenda amafunafuna nyama pansi ndi mumchenga, pomwe imatha kupunthwa pa buluzi woyikidwa kuti apume. Amayang'anitsitsanso tinthu tating'ono, timakudya tating'ono tating'ono tamadonthu. Ataona yemwe akufuna kumugwirira pamtunda, amawolowera pang'ono, kenako pang'ono, nadziponyera, ndikugwira nsagwada ndikukukutira ndi mphete zowawa, monga kumuwukira kwa munthu amene wakubisalira mumchenga.
M'nyengo yotentha, wochita masewerawa amagwira ntchito madzulo ndipo usiku, masana amakhala pobisalira. M'masiku osatentha - kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, amasintha moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Njokayo ilibe mabowo ake, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito malo opanda kanthu ngati malo okhala m'mapiri oyambira azomera zam'chipululu kapena mabowo.
Oyendayenda amabisala kumapeto kwa yophukira, ndipo adzuka theka loyamba la masika. Iwo nthawi yozizira amakhala m'misasa mwakuya 20-30 cm.
Nthawi zambiri, mchenga wokha umakumana ndi njoka zina, abuluzi wamkulu (abuluzi), akhwangwala, akhwangwala ndi ming'alu ya mchipululu.
Pogwidwa ndi munthu, wachibale wothandizira nthawi zambiri amafinya thupi lonse, ndipo ngati kuti akupotoka m'manja mwake, amayesera kudzipulumutsa. Komabe, anthu ankhanza kwambiri amabwera. Nthawi zina nyama yamtchire, modzidzimutsa, imasandulika mphete ndikuthamangira mdani, ndikumenyetsa mano kuphazi. Ngati mungathe kutenga wopangirayo m'manja mwake, amayesa kuluma ndipo atha kubweretsanso mikwingwirima ndi mano ake akuthwa, kumbuyo. Mano okokedwa ndi nyama zodzitchinjirazi amasinthidwa kuti agwire nyama yolimba, kotero kuti wopanga mchenga nthawi zina amagwiritsitsa thupi la munthu kapena zovala sangathe kudzipenda, amatsegula pakamwa ndikugwedeza mutu. Wowombedwa, kuphatikiza apo, amazipukusa m'manja ndikuchigwira ndizovuta kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha njira yobisika ya moyo wa osefera, sizidziwika kwenikweni chifukwa cha kukhwima kwawo. Nthawi yobereketsa imayambira kuphukira, atangochoka ku hibernation. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, wamkazi amabereka ana amoyo. Zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njoka za 6-11, kutalika kwa zatsopano ndi 12 - 13 cm. Zimakula msanga ndipo zimafika kutalika kwa 30 cm pofika chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, ndipo pazaka 4, atafika kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu, amakhala okhwima.
Akasungidwa kunyumba, wopanga mchenga, ngati oimira ena amtunduwu, amasinthana mwachangu, amazolowera m'manja ndikudya mbewa mwakufuna. Malo opangira ziweto zotere ayenera kukhala a mtundu wopingasa, ndipo ofanana ndi masentimita 60x40x30. Payenera kukhala ndi mchenga wokhala ndi malo osungirako nyama zogona osachepera 10-15 masentimita kuti chiweto chizitha kulowa mkati mwake popanda cholepheretsa.
Kutentha kosakwanira kwa nyama yokhala m'madzi ndi 25- 35 ° C masana komanso kutsika kwambiri usiku 20-25 ° C. Nyale yotenthetsera ndi nyali ya ultraviolet ndi zofunika. Chinyezi chimasungidwa pamlingo wa 50%, pomwe chinyontho chinyezi kapena chinyowa chanyowa chikuyenera kuperekedwa m'malo otetezedwa kuti mpweya wouma usabweretse mavuto pakasungunuka. Komanso musaiwale kuyika chakumwa.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, njoka ya mchenga imatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 20.
Ntchito Yakufa: Momwe Amapanga Njoka Amapulumuka
Ntchito yosangalatsa ya Zmeelov ndiyopadera popeza oimira ntchito iyi amagwiritsa ntchito maluso awo pochita, amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe tsiku lililonse. Ngakhale osaka njoka odziwa ntchito sangathe kulosera zamomwe msonkhano wawo wotsatira wokhala ndi chiphe chakupha udzatha.
M'masiku amakono, akatswiri oona za njoka (gawo la zoology lomwe limaphunzira njoka. - Approx. Vokrugveta.ru) likucheperachepera. Achinyamata samalakalaka ntchitoyi, popeza kuti kuphunzitsidwa kumafuna kulimbikira, kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyenda kosalekeza komanso ngozi, ndipo sikutsimikizira phindu. Pali lingaliro kuti ndizosatheka kuphunzira momwe njoka, "ojambula njoka" oterowo amakhala ambuye, ndikuphunzira kuchokera kuzomwe anzawo akuchita ndi akatswiri ena odziwa zambiri. Komabe, munthu amene wasankha kuphatikiza moyo wake ndi ntchitoyo ayenera kumvetsetsa zoopsa ndi zovuta, komanso njoka ndi machitidwe a njoka. Komanso, omwe amadya njoka sayenera kuvutika ndi chifuwa, chifukwa pamenepa sizingatheke kulosera zamomwe mankhwalawo angakumane.
Ndipo, palibe yunivesite yomwe imaphunzitsa momwe kufunikira ndi momwe zingachitire, chifukwa kuluma kulikonse kungayambitse imfa. Mwachitsanzo, galamu ya zouma za cobra ku India imatha kupha agalu opitilira 100 ndikufa kwa anthu ngati salandila mankhwala ola limodzi. Musaiwale kuti cobras imatha kumavulira poyizoni m'maso. Ndipo poyizoni wa mitundu ina ya njoka zochokera ku South America amachititsa necrosis yayikulu, zomwe zimayambitsa necrosis ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutayika kwa miyendo m'maola ochepa. Zonsezi zimakakamiza osaka njoka kuti asataye mtima komanso kuwerengetsa nthawi yomwe adzafunika kupulumutsa njokayo.
Komanso, akatswiri ambiri amadzipaka jekeseni wa njoka, pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa mlingo kuti asatetezeke. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena a njoka, iyi ndi njira yopweteka kwambiri, koma ndiyofunikira. Chifukwa chake, katswiri wa Snarianum wa ku Siberia, Alexander Pisarev, pamafunso adavomereza kuti ululu womwe umachokera ku chiphe cha njoka ulimba kwambiri kotero kuti zinali ngati dzanja lidawiritsa kwa maola angapo.
Katswiri wina wa njoka, a American Ha Haast, amadziwika kuti ali mu Guinness Book of Records ngati munthu amene adapulumuka 172 kulumidwa ndi njoka zapoizoni. Chimodzi mwazomwe zidachitika ndichoti Haast adataya zala zingapo, ndipo kuluma kwa cobra waku India kudatsala pang'ono kufa kwa wasayansi.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti Haast mwiniwakeyo anali kutsutsana nawo kuti asalowe mu Bukhu Lama rekodi, popeza amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa kuluma kunali kolephera, komwe sikuyenera kunyadira nako.
Osaka a masiku ano a njoka amaphunzira njoka ndikuazigulitsa kapena kuzigulitsa. Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito yoopsa chotere ndikupeza poizoni yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ngati mankhwala. Gramu imodzi ya ululu wa njoka ndi wokwera mtengo kangapo kuposa golide. Komanso zopangidwa ndi khungu la njoka zimadaliridwabe padziko lapansi, koma malamulo apadziko lonse amaletsa mwamtunduwu malonda chifukwa choopseza zandalama. Pankhaniyi, ntchito ya Zmeelov ndikugwira amoyo.
Zipangizo zosaka njoka ndizosavuta - ndodo yokhala ndi mbedza kumapeto kwake ndipo thumba lomwe limalimbikitsidwa ndi mbale zapadera kuchokera mkati kuti njokayo singakulume ndi nsalu. Forceps amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito - mawonekedwe apadera kuti agwire njoka. Akatswiri amisala nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mu nsapato za tarpaulin, ena amagwiritsa ntchito magolovesi a mphira. Chowonadi ndichakuti kuti apewe poyizoni, njoka imayenera kuluma pakhungu ndi kumata nsagwada, ndipo popeza mitundu yambiri singakulume ndi mphira wakuda, kukakamira koyenera kumangotulutsa sikukutuluka, ndipo poyizoni wofunikira kwa mlenje samatha.
Pamalenje, wosaka njoka ayenera kugwira chokwiracho, ndikukhomera mutu wake pansi ndi ndodo kapena mbedza, kenako ndikukhomerera mutu wa njokayo pansi pa kamwa ndikuthira poyizoni kuti asungidwe. Zitatha izi, njokayo imamasulidwa kapena kusamutsidwa ku snarium, komwe poyizoniyo imapangidwanso kamodzi masabata awiri. Njira yodziwira malondawa siyosavulanso monga kusaka yokha, popeza njoka imatha kutuluka nthawi iliyonse ndikupangitsa kuluma komwe kumapha.
Mankhwala amakono, kupanga mankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka cobra, giurza ndi ziphe za njoka. Makamaka, malo angapo a njoka ali ndi mphamvu yopuma minofu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma pinkiller. Ndizachilendo kuti poizoni wa mitundu yachilendo ya njoka akufunika kwambiri mu zigawenga, chifukwa sizimangotsatira.
Zitha kuoneka kuti olanda njoka amagwira ntchito kumalo okhawo komwe kuli mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya njoka yomwe imafunidwa, koma okhala m'mizinda yayikulu nthawi zambiri amafunikira ntchito zawo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zowopsa zomwe zapezeka m'malo azinyumba. Mwina wogwirizira zolembedwa za kuchuluka kwa milandu yotereyi ndi ku Australia: chifukwa cha njoka zambiri kumtunda, anthu amderali nthawi zambiri amatembenukira ku chithandizo chapadera.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2016, wa ku Australia a Jared Smith adapeza chithaphwi chodzaza ndi mita ziwiri mudengu lomwe anali ndi chinangwa. Mwamunayo adayitanitsa ntchito yoteteza nyama zamtchire, ndipo wosaka njoka uja adafotokoza kuti chokwiracho mwina chidakwawira mudengu kuti chimve bwino. Katswiriyu adaonjezeranso kuti sangakhulupilire momwe ma python angamire mumdengu yaying'ono.
Nkhani yeniyeni yachilendo komanso yowopsa idachitika ndi nzika yaku Australia yaku Australia, Richard Richars. Mzimayi adalowa mchipinda chogwirira ndipo adakumana ndi chithoni chobisalira kuchimbudzi. Katswiri, yemwe amafika kudzagwira njokayo, adafotokoza kuti nthawi yotentha, njoka nthawi zambiri zimakhamukira m'nyumba zosambira kukafuna kuzizira.
Alendo osadziwika nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi anthu aku America. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina ku Texas, bambo wina yemwe adaganiza kukonza chingwe cha kanema wopunzira adapunthwa pa chipinda cha pansi chake. Koma adakhumudwitsidwa pomwe gulu logwira nyama zakuthengo lidachotsa ziphuphu 45 m'chipinda chake chapansi, chomwe chidapanga chisa m'chipinda chotentha.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito ya Zmeelov imagwirizanitsidwa osati ndi zolinga za sayansi, komanso kupulumutsa anthu, ndipo ikufunikabe padziko lonse lapansi.
Gawo 1. Mchenga wotchinga kuthengo.
Mitundu: Eryx miliaris, sand sand boa, mu Chingerezi Russian sand boa - Russian sand boa.
Kugawa ndi malo. Mutha kukumana ndi wachigawo wa mchenga ku Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan. Ku Russia, njoka izi zimapezeka ku Ciscaucasia ndi Kalmykia. Amakhala m'mchenga wamchenga ndi dongo lamchenga komanso zipululu. Nthawi zambiri, oyendayenda amapezeka m'malo obisika a ma gerbil, komanso m'minda ya zipatso ndi m'minda yamphesa.
Kufotokozera ndi moyo. Kutalika kwa wopendekera wamkulu ndi masentimita 35-70, pali zoyerekeza mpaka masentimita 80. Mutu wosalala umadutsa m'thupi. Mchirawo ndi waufupi komanso wosalala. Njoka iyi siili ndi poyizoni, kuluma ndikufanana ndi singano yakuthwa, sikosangalatsa, koma osati konse koopsa (ndidalumidwa).
Kujambula kwamtambo wamchenga kumawonetsedwa m'chithunzichi.
M'modzi wa omwe andithandizira
Kumadera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa masambawo, kuli ma melanist constorateors (mtundu wakuda).
Yunifolomu ya mchenga wakuda - Eryx miliaris nogaiorum
Amakhala okha. Kambali ya mchenga imasinthidwa bwino ndi moyo wokumba. Masana, njoka imabisala dzuwa lotentha, kusunthira mumchenga kapena kupumula m'misalo. Woyendayenda amakonda kumangirira mutu wake padziko lapansi ndikubisalira, kuteteza nyama. Nthawi zina njoka imapeza mabowo achilendo komwe imatha kukomedwa ndi anyani ake.
Adani achilengedwe a omwe ali mdera lawo ndi mbalame zolusa, ma hedgehogs ndikuyang'anira abuluzi.
Chapakatikati mochedwa yophukira amagwera hibernation, kudzuka theka loyamba la masika.
Kodi wothandizidwa ndi mchenga amadya chiyani? Kudya kwa oyendayenda m'chilengedwe kumapangidwa ndi abuluzi (geckos ndi ozungulira), makoswe (hamsters, gerbils, jerboas) ndi mbalame (zazing'ono: mpheta ndi ngolo). Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi wothandizirana weniweni, mchenga wamphongo umayenda ndi kukulunga m'mphete ziwiri, mutatha kulumikizidwa kumeza lonse.
Kubalana. Matenga amapezeka pambuyo pa hibernation; mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 100. Akatswiri a nkhukuzi amakhala ovoviviparous, mu Julayi-Ogasiti amabereka njoka za 4-15, pafupifupi sentimita khumi ndi chimodzi. Kutha msanga kumafika mochedwa - malinga ndi malipoti, wazaka 4.
Masamba a mchenga ndi njira yabwino yosinthira mayendedwe oyambira. Ndiosavuta kuwasamalira, osasamala kuti asamalire ndipo, wina akhoza kunena kuti, ndi ochezeka.
Kumanani: azingwe anga amchenga - Miti ndi Kuikynnyaku. Amatchedwa ngwazi za nthano za a Chukchi.
Ndi mtundu wamtundu wanji womwe umafunikira kwa boa ya mchenga? Makulidwe ophatikizidwa amtunda ndi masentimita 60 * 40 * 30. Awiri anzangawo ankakhala mwangwiro mtunda wa 50 * 30 * 30 cm, ndipo danga ili linali lokwanira.Tsopano akukhala kwakanthawi muplasitiki (20 * 30 * 13 cm), kutaya malo awo owundana ndi acanthosaurus. Akhala mnyumba yakanayi kwa miyezi ingapo, palibe zodandaula zomwe zalandilidwa. Zowona, akuyenera kukula ndikukula, koma kwakukulukulu, mu ukulu.
Zitseko ndi zitseko za terrarium ziyenera kutsekedwa bwino, njoka zimatha kukweza zotsekera ndipo izi sizoyipa kwa iwo.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa bwalo lamapulaneti.
Kutengera ndi malingaliro onse, mchenga wabwino umayenera kutsanuliridwa pansi pa terarium, momwe siponji youma ingaphatikizidwe. Makulidwe a dothi amalimbikitsidwa pafupifupi masentimita asanu.
Malo anga ophunzitsira ali ndi zosiyana mosiyanasiyana. Pakona pali chidebe cha pulasitiki chopanda chivundikiro (pafupifupi 20 * 15 cm), pomwe mchenga pafupifupi 4 cm umathiridwa. Malo ena onse a pansi pa nthaka ndi okutidwa ndi masamba owala a kokonati, 3-4 cm. Zonyamula pa rummage imodzi, kenako m'nthaka ina, nthawi zambiri ku coconut. Kusamba kwa mchenga nthawi zina kumanyowetsedwa, ndikosavuta kuti boas ikakhetse mumchenga wonyowa. Kwa ine, mwayi waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito dothi la coconut ndikuti nkosavuta kutulutsa njoka. Zowonadi kuti kukumba wakung'amba mumchenga ndi ntchito ina, ndipo palibe mavuto ndi gawo lapansi la coconut.
Ma stritterrs anga amakhala bwino pama flake a kokonati
Ngakhale njoka izi zimangodzitulutsa, zimayamikira kwambiri msambawu mpaka kutsekeka kwa boma. Tsopano nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona woyendayenda, atakhala kapena kukwawa pamsana ndi mawonekedwe onyada, ngati njoka yamtundu wina.
Ndipo nthawi zina ndimakulitsa tsabola m'malo awo
Kuphatikiza apo, omangirawa nthawi zambiri amakwera modukaduka, atatsamira ngodya ya terra ndikuyimirira sentimita yomaliza ya mchira.
Osayika zinthu komwe kuli mabowo okhala ndi mainchesi ngati njoka yanu! Amakhala mwa iwo.
Mbale yosamwa siyofunikira, koma nthawi zina mutha kuyikhazikitsa. Mgodi umakhala ndi chotengera chamadzi, nthawi zina chimawuma. Masiku angapo zitatha izi, ndimathiranso madzi pamenepo. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona wotha kusambira.
Chinyezi mu terarium ndichotsika. Kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa pa 25-30 ° C masana, usiku ungachepetse. Ndibwino kuti mupange magetsi pang'onopang'ono - pansi pa nyali 35-38 ° C, pakona patali kwambiri - pafupifupi 25 ° C.
Kodi kudyetsa wopendekera mchenga?
Ndimadyetsa minofu yokhala ngati "wamaliseche" ndi "yoyenda". Poyamba, abwana ochepa kwambiri amatha kudya azimayi amaliseche, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo tidayesetsa kusankha ang'onoang'ono. Sitinagwirepo ntchito ndi mbewa zakufa, ngakhale zinali choncho, oyendayenda amayenera kudya nthawi zambiri (ngati muwatenthe pang'ono). Amati wina adakwanitsa wamkulu wachikulire kuti adyetse soseji ofunda (ndipo boa adampanga koyamba).
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimandiphatikiza ndizodyetsa
Oyendayenda achikulire amadya agalu, mbewa ndi nkhuku.
Oyendayenda sangadye kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, timapereka mbewa yathu 1 m'milungu iwiri. Tikachokapo kwa nthawi yayitali, samakhazikika amadya kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Zabwino :) Nthawi zina njoka imakana chakudya, m'malo mwake, monga lamulo, njoka yachiwiri "imathandizira" bwenzi.
Ndi bwino kusadyetsa nsapato zanu kuti mumve fungo lanu. Ngati nthawi zambiri mumatenga boas m'manja, amakuzolowera ndikusangalala, akumva kutentha kwanu.
Kusenzesa mchenga othandizira.
Njoka zikakhwima mwakugonana (m'lingaliro, pazaka 4) amafunika kukhala nthawi yozizira. Kuti achite izi, amasiya kudyetsa ndikuchepetsa kutentha mpaka 10 ° C. Usanadye nyengo yozizira, njoka zimadyetsedwa sabata iliyonse kwa mwezi umodzi (ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kuzikhala pafupi ndi 30 ° C. Patatha masabata awiri mutadyetsa komaliza, mutha kutsitsa kutentha. Mu lingaliro, nyengo yachisanu imayenera kukhalapo miyezi itatu, ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati ine kuti nthawi imeneyi ingachepe. pang'onopang'ono imayamba kukhala yabwinobwino. Pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa sabata, njoka ziwiri zimatha kudyetsa ndi mbewa zazing'ono (zoyambirira 3-4 pa sabata) Zadziwika kuti zazimuna (ndipo nthawi zina zazikazi) zimatha kuyamba kudya zitatha kukhwima. Njoka za Ania ndibwino kuti zisavutike, zimakhala ndi manyazi :) Nthawi ya chibwenzi, yamphongo imakalumphira pamtunda wachikazi ndipo nthawi zambiri "kuyesera" chilankhulo chamlengalenga - kuyesa kufunitsitsa kuyanjana ndi ma pheromones omwe amasungidwa nawo.
Pakupita zaka zingapo, ma boas anga ayamba kubereka.
Masabata angapo mutakhwima, kumachitika mazira. Inde, sindinalakwitse: ndikukhwima, umuna umasungidwa m'thupi lachikazi mpaka mazira, pambuyo pake mazira amadzaza umuna. Kukula kwa zingwe kumaonekera bwino: mkati mwa thupi la mkazi pamakhala pakukula (zoonekeratu mkati mwa masiku 1-2), ngati kuti wadya mbewa ya kukula kwabwino. Ngati ovulation sanawoneke kwa milungu itatu, ndiye chifukwa chake kukonzekera wamkazi “tsiku” lina.
Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kusungidwa pafupifupi 35 ° C. Ndibwino kuti mupange gradient kuyambira 40 ° C mpaka 25 ° C.
Ngati zonse zidayenda bwino, theka lachigawo chaching'ono chimayenda. Ana amaoneka ngati zipolopolo za mazira, pomwe iwo amasankhidwa mosamala patatha maola angapo (asanalowe mkaka). Njoka zatsopano zikayamba kukwawa, ziyenera kubzalidwa pamalo ena okhala ndi dothi lonyowa (pambuyo poyambira koyamba kale zimatha kuisunga panthaka youma). Dyetsani mbewa zazing'ono kwambiri, mungayesere kupereka kriketi kapena tambala.
Kutsimikiza mtima pakugonana. Pansi pa mchenga titha kutsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo ili m'munsiyi.
Tebulo kuchokera pagawo lapa http://myreptile.ru/
Ndizakulembani zomwe zinandichitikira ineyo ndikulembani nkhawa za momwe Mitya ndi Kuikynnyaku amakulira ndikubala ana.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso alionse - lembani ndemanga, ndiyesetsa kuyankha.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Sand Choke
Magawo azinkhanira omwe adachokera ku abuluzi. Gululi ndi loyang'anira, ndiye kuti, njoka zamakono zonse zili ndi kholo limodzi. Pakati pa abuluzi, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi iguanoid ndi mawonekedwe opindika, ndikulowa ndi amodzi ndi enawo mu clutch yomweyo ya Toxicofera.
Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti maasaasa otayika, omwe anali gulu la njoka, ndi amodzi omwewo, ndiye kuti anali ndi kholo lomwe limawalankhulira iwo okha. Zinthu zakale kwambiri zakale za njoka ndi zapakati pa nthawi ya Jurassic, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 165-170 miliyoni. Poyamba, panali mitundu yochepa ya njoka pa dziko lathu lapansi, izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kupezeka kwakukulu kwa zomwe apeza poyerekeza ndi nyama zina za nthawi imeneyo. Zochulukirapo za izo zinayamba kuchokera koyambirira kwa nyengo yotsatira - Olemekezeka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Zomwe zimawoneka ngati mchenga
Amuna amakula mpaka 60 cm, ndipo chachikazi chimakhala chowona - mpaka 80 cm. Njokayo imakhala ndi mutu wowotcheka pang'ono ndipo thupi lake limakutidwa pang'ono, mchirawo umakhala wofupika, uli ndi malekezero osamveka. Wovutayo amayang'ana "bwino bwino" chifukwa chakuti, poyerekeza ndi njoka zambiri, mulingo wotalika kutalika kwa thupi kumatalikirana kwambiri m'lifupi.
Nthawi yomweyo, imakhala yachangu komanso yofulumira, makamaka makulidwe amchenga, pomwe imayenda ngati nsomba m'madzi, ndipo kwenikweni - mawonekedwe amchenga amafanana kwambiri ndi madzi. Ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira munthu yemwe akuyenda kumene amakhala, ndipo ngakhale pamtunda wamba amasuntha molimba mtima komanso mwachangu.
Mtunduwu si wowala, kuyambira kuwala kupita pofiirira wakuda ndi tishe wachikasu, pali mikwingwirima ya bulauni komanso mawanga, komanso ma slots. Zinyimbo zina zokhala ndi mawanga owoneka pamatupi awo; zotumphukira zake zili ndi utoto wakuda, ngakhale wakuda. Maso nthawi yomweyo amawonekera: ali kumtunda kwa mutu ndipo amayang'ana m'mwamba nthawi zonse. Kukhazikitsidwa koteroko kumathandizira kuti woyimira boma wa boa azindikire kuwukira kwa mbalame munthawi yake, ndipo awa ndi adani ake akuluakulu. Mwana wa njoka ndi wakuda, amber ndi iris.
Pakamwa pake pamapezeka pansipa ndipo pali mano ang'onoang'ono - kulumidwa kwake ndikumvako, koma sikuopsa kwa munthu, chifukwa amatha kuluma mkati mwamatenda ndipo mulibe poizoni. Mutha kuyerekeza kuluma ndi chimtengo ndi singano.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale ndichoperewera, wopendekera mchenga, poyesera kuti atole, akuwonetsa mwankhanza: imayesa kuluma, ndipo poyamba zimakhala zovuta kupewa kuluma kwake, imatha kudzimangirira mozungulira mkono. Akakumana ndi nyama zakuthengo, amathanso kuukira ndikuyesera kuluma mwendo wa munthu - muyenera kukumbukira kuti siwopanda poopsa komanso si wowopsa.
Kumene mchenga wa boya umakhala
Chithunzi: Arab Sand Choker
Njokayo imakhala m'malo akuluakulu ku Eurasia.
Magulu ake amaphatikizapo:
Ku Russia, imatha kupezeka makamaka m'malo angapo - Dagestan, Kalmykia, dera la Astrakhan. Sipezeka kawirikawiri m'madera oyandikana nawo. Kuchuluka kwake kumatha kupezeka kum'mawa, ku Central Asia republic.
Nyengo yovuta kwambiri ku Central Asia ndi yoyenera kwambiri kwa munthu yemwe akuyenda, chifukwa amatchedwa mchenga pazifukwa, koma chifukwa cha chikondi cha mchenga. Malo akuluakulu omwe amakhala: mchenga wosenda komanso wosasunthika, amakonda nthaka yosasunthika. Chifukwa pamtunda wamba ndizosowa, ndipo pafupi ndi mchenga.
Komabe, nthawi zina oyenda mumchenga amatha kuyenda kutali ndi kwawo, ndipo amapezeka m'minda ya zipatso kapena minda ya mpesa pofunafuna chakudya. Amakonda mapiri, osapezeka m'mapiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri samapitirira 1,200 metres. M'madambo, mdera lake, wopandukayo ndiofala kwambiri, mu ola limodzi mumatha kukumana ndi anthu angapo, osati pagulu, koma mosiyana. Amakhala bwino mumchenga, amakwawa mumchenga ukusunthira ndikuwoneka kuti akuyandamamo. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi lake lonse amaikidwa m'manda ndipo korona yekhayo amakhala ndi maso ake, motero zimakhala zovuta kuti adani azimuzindikira.
Akakhala kundende, amafunikira malo owotchera ndi mchenga wa 20-30 cm. Amakonda kutentha, motero amafunikira kutentha kwamasana 30 ° C ndi kutentha kwa usiku kwa 20 ° C, mulingo wonyowa ndi wocheperapo, koma nthawi yomweyo, mbale yomwera komanso chipinda chinyezi.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe woyenda mchenga amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Zomwe zimadya supriti yamchenga
Chithunzi: Desert Sand Choke
Ngakhale njokayo ndi yaying'ono koma yolusa, ikhoza kugwiranso:
Amakonda kuukira mosayembekezereka, pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi chifukwa zimavuta kwambiri kuzindikira kuti atangotsala pang'ono kumangidwa mchenga. Ndikudumphira nyama, imagwira nsagwada kuti isathawe, imadzipukutira kuzungulira mphete zingapo ndikuimangirira, kenako ndikuyimeza kwathunthu - motere, mchenga boa umangokhala ngati boa yokhazikika. Njoka zachikulire zokha zomwe zimagwira nyama zazikulu, zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zomwe zimakula zomwe zimadya kwambiri tizilombo, komanso tiana tating'ono - abuluzi oyenda pansi, akambuku ang'ono, ndi anapiye. Oyendayenda nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa za mbalame, koma ngati agwidwa ndi makolo pantchito iyi, ndiye kuti sangalandireko.
Ngakhale oyenda okha amatha kugwira mbalame zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, ngolo. Nthawi zina amayang'ana mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe zikungolidziwa bwino kuthawa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wawo wosavutikira, kugwira ndikukukoka. Akasungidwa, akapolo oyendayenda amawadyetsa nkhuku kapena mbewa zothamanga, ndipo achikulire amathanso kudyetsedwa. Makoswe okufa amafunikira kutenthetsedwa, ndipo ngakhale sichoncho kuti njoka iliyonse izidzadya - zipatso zimapezekanso. Ngakhale ena amathanso kudya soseji, ndibwino kuti musayesere - zingapangitse woyendayenda kuti asamve bwino.
Mbewa imodzi ndikokwanira njoka yachikulire kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo ngati pangafunike kutero, imatha kufa ndi mwezi umodzi ndi theka - zitatha izi, zidzangofunikira kudyetsa kwambiri, izi sizingawononge thanzi la chiweto.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati nthawi zambiri mumatengera njoka m'manja, imayambira kununkhira ndipo imakhala yomasuka kwambiri za mwiniyo, mwina siyiluma. Koma simuyenera kumudyetsa ndi manja ake - chikondi chake sichingawonjezere, m'malo mwake kununkhira kwa mwiniyo kumayamba kuyanjana ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chakulumwa chizingokulira.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Arabian Sand Choke
Amakhala okha. Kwa masiku angapo, amatha kugona m'malo otetezeka, kapena pansi pa mchenga kuti adziteteze ku dzuwa lotentha. Kukakhala kotentha, amatha kusaka, nthawi yotentha amadzachita madzulo kapena usiku. Amakhala nthawi yayitali kuseri kwa ntchitoyi, chifukwa makamaka pofunafuna, amagonanso pansi pamchenga.
Kunja, ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la mutu lomwe lili ndi maso, kuti athe kuyang'anitsitsa malowo. Popeza mutu wawo umapangira chifuwa, posakhalitsa zimakopa chidwi cha wina ndipo ngati zili zofunsidwa, wopangayo amayembekeza moleza mtima kufikira atayandikira kuti amuponye, koma osakwanira kumuyesa, ndi kumuwukira.
Amathamangira kutsogolo mwachangu komanso mosatekeseka, ngakhale ngakhale kamphindi kakang'ono mwina adawoneka kuti ndi wodekha komanso sangathe kuyenda mwadzidzidzi. Ngati chiweto chachikulu chitakhala ndi chidwi ndi woimira ena, amabisala pansi pamchenga ndi kuthawa. Kuphatikiza pa kufunkhidwa, woyimira boma wa boa amatha kuyang'ananso gawo lake posaka nyama zomwe zikukhalamo. Akawapeza, ndiye kuti sakhala nawo pamwambowo ndi mbadwa zawo kapena mbadwa zawo, nawonongeka - pambuyo pothawa kamodzi, njokayo imatha kukwana mwezi ndi theka patsogolo.
Nthawi zambiri imayenda molunjika pansi pamchenga, kotero njokayo siyimawoneka, mmalo mwake zimawoneka ngati kuti mchenga umakwera pang'ono ngati kuti uli wokha - izi zikutanthauza kuti wopindika amayenda pang'ono. Amatsata pambuyo pake: mikwingwirima iwiri, ngati timiyala tating'ono, komanso pakati pawo pamavuto. Kugwa, kukayamba kuzizira, kupeza malo okhala ndi malo okhala. Imatha kukhala miyezi 4-6 ndipo imadzuka ikayamba kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa chakumapeto. Malo okhala, omwe amabisa hibernation, kuti kupuma masana, osadzimangira okha, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo opanda kanthu pafupi ndi mizu kapena mabowo a anthu ena.
Mukasungidwa mu terarium, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti oyenda mumchenga amakhala osakwatiwa, ndipo musawakhazikitse anthu angapo ngakhale atakhala osiyana amuna ndi akazi. Mutha kukhazikitsa njoka ziwiri pakunyengo kokula, nthawi yonse yomwe sizingagwirizane.
Kuyenda mumchenga
Mitundu ya constorateors imagwirizanitsa mitundu 9 kapena 10 ya njoka zazing'ono za ovoviviparous zomwe zimakhala m'malo achipululu. Zonsezi ndizochulukirapo kapena zosinthika ndi moyo wokumba: ali ndi maso ang'ono ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi zishango. M'mawonekedwe, ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa okhazikitsidwa ndi njoka zina ndi mchira wamfupi. Chinthu chinanso chooneka bwino ndi zotumphukira zam'mimba, zomwe zimangokhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a pamimba.
Mchenga wokhala ndi mchenga ndi amodzi mwa mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu womwe umakhala ku Kazakhstan. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kumadera achipululu a Northern Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, Eastern Ciscaucasia komanso kumwera kwa Lower Volga. Amakonda mchenga wosakhazikika wosasunthika komanso wamchenga, nthawi zambiri samapezeka pamatayala komanso pazowonda zochulukirapo komanso dothi lakudongo. Nthawi zambiri njoka izi zimakhala m'magulu a makoswe, makamaka majeremusi akuluakulu komanso masana.
Woyenda mochenjera amatha kuyika kaye m'manda mutu woyamba ndikuyamba "kusambira" mmalo mwake, kusiya chizindikiro ngati mawonekedwe amiyala yamchenga pamalo osambira. Maso okhala pamwamba pamutu amaloleza malo obisika kuti aziyang'ana pamtunda, osawonekeranso kwa omwe angathe kuzunzidwa ndi adani. Kapangidwe ka mphuno kolepheretsa kuti mchenga usalowe.
HUNTER HUNTER
M'nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira, iye amayenda amasaka masana, ndipo nthawi yotentha amayamba madzulo komanso usiku. Pakusaka, njokayo imayang'ananso, pang'onopang'ono, timiyala ta m'mbali mwake, kapena kusuntha nyama mosakwiya, ndikuponya mumchenga ndikuyika kumtunda kokha mutu ndi maso ndi mphuno.
Momwe wofikirayo atangofika, woyang'anira wotsatira wa boa amamugwira ndi nsagwada zamphamvu zamano atalozeka kumbuyo. Amakhala ngati "mphukira" kuchokera ku makulidwe amchenga ndipo nthawi yomweyo amanjenjemera nyama ndi mphete ziwiri kapena zitatu zamphamvu mwamphamvu. Mosiyana ndi chikhulupiriro chodziwika bwino, ma boas (ndi boas) samaswa mafupa a omwe amawavulaza.Amangofinya chifuwa chake mpaka kupuma, komwe kumayambitsa imfa. Kenako oimira othandizira, monga njoka zonse, ameza wovulalayo, kuyambira kumutu. Amadyedwa ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, makoswe ndi odutsa ang'onoang'ono.
Ku Kalmykia ndi madera otsika a Mtsinje wa Embo (Western Kazakhstan), pamakhala ma mchenga.
Ngakhale ali ndi moyo wobisalira, oyendayenda nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala agalu a ziweto, mbalame zonse komanso mbalame. Buluzi waku Central Asia cobra ndi buluzi amene amadzionera imvi nawonso saphonya mwayi kudya njoka yopumira iyi.
Atangochoka nyengo yozizira, maulendo oyendayenda amakondana. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, mkazi wozala, kutengera kukula kwake, amabereka ana a 4 mpaka 15 kutalika 12-15 cm. Njoka zazing'ono zimadya tizilombo komanso abuluzi chaka champhongo. Amakula msanga ndipo mchaka chachinayi cha moyo, kufikira kutalika pafupifupi 40 cm, amakhala okhwima.
KUSINTHA KWA FATALI
"Chithandizo cha matenda 1001" - zotsatsa zoterezi zimatha kuonekanso m'misika ina kum'mwera kwa Kazakhstan ndi Uzbekistan kwa amalonda omwe akugulitsa stranglers. Nthano yakudziwika bwino kwambiri yamatenda a nyama za njoka izi pachaka imawononga miyoyo ya zikwizikwi zopanda chitetezo. Ndipo wasayansi waku Persia, wafilosofi ndi dokotala Ibn Sina, ku Europe yemwe amadziwika kuti Avicenna, yemwe adakhala zaka chikwi zapitazo, ndiye kuti ali ndi mlandu. M'nkhani yomwe analemba Canon of Medicine, analemba kuti: “Ngati mungathyole msuzi kwa njoka. kapena kudya nyama yake, imathandiza ndi kupweteka kwa mitsempha. Zomwezi ndizofanana ndi khungu la njoka. Mukalola kuti khungu la njoka limalowe m'makutu anu, limachepetsa ululu m'makutu anu. Kudzola mano kumatsuka pakamwa panu ndi viniga, mmenenso amaphikira khungu la njoka. ”
Kalanga, si onse maupangiri ndi maphikidwe a Avicenna opambana omwe ayesedwa nthawi yayitali: mankhwala amakono samagawana malingaliro pazabwino za njoka. Komabe, lero ku East kuli "ochiritsa" ambiri omwe, pamulingo waukulu, ali okonzeka kugulitsa anthu odwala chithandizo chodabwitsachi. Ndipo pakati pa njoka zonse, pazifukwa zina, ndizoyenera kuti ndizomwe zimawachiritsa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, ambiri mwa awa osalakwa omwe amakhala m'miphika ya msuzi, ndipo anthu, m'malo mochiritsira panthawi yake, amakhala ndi vuto laling'ono la placebo. Ku Europe, oyendayenda nthawi zambiri amakhala akuvutika ndi zootorgs zopanda moyo ndikukhala moyo wawo m'misika. Mwamwayi, ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira njoka izi zazing'ono koma zobisika, chifukwa chake sizowopsezedwa kuti ziwonongeka padziko lonse lapansi.
KUFotokozera KWA
- Gulu: zodzitchinjiriza.
- Gulu: njoka.
- Banja: njoka zamiyendo yabodza, kapena boas.
- Chingwe: boas sand, kapena boas.
- Mtundu: mchenga wokhala ndi malire.
- Dzina lachi Latin: Eryx miliaris.
- Kukula: kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira - mpaka 80 cm.
- Colour: mbali yakumtunda ndi yofiirira yachikaso yokhala ndi mawanga owoneka ngati bulauni, madontho a bulauni kapena akuda m'mbali, m'mimba ndiwowoneka bwino ndi malovu komanso mawanga, ma chisi akuda (makande) siachilendo.
- Mchenga umakhala zaka zambiri: mpaka zaka 15.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Snake Sand Constrictor
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba pambuyo pake kuti azingoyambira azichoka pakapita miyezi itatu. Mu Julayi kapena Ogasiti, mbadwa zimabadwa, ndipo njoka izi ndizovunda, motero imakhala njoka nthawi zambiri, kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 12, ndipo iliyonse imabadwa kale kwambiri - 10 mpaka 10 cm. yolk. Pofika chaka iwo amakula mpaka 30 cm, pambuyo pake kukula kumachepera, ndikukula mpaka kukula kwa akulu pokhapokha zaka 3.5-4, kenako amtha msinkhu.
Akasungidwa mu ukapolo, amathanso kudulidwa, koma chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo. Choyamba, makolo onse amtsogolo, omwe amakhalabe olekanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake, amakhala otentheka - amachepetsa kutentha mu terarium mpaka 10 ° C ndikusiya kupatsa chakudya. M'malo mwake, asanayambe nyengo yachisanu kwa mwezi, ayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri kawiri kawiri.
Kutentha kumatsitsidwa bwino, kupitirira sabata, kusiya kudyetsa milungu iwiri isanayambike kutsika. Zotsatira zake, njoka zimabisala, ndipo zimafunikira kusiyidwa kwa miyezi iwiri ndi iwiri ndi itatu. Pambuyo pake, kutentha, komanso bwino, kuyenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Akadzuka, njoka zimafunikanso kudyetsa kwambiri, ndiye zimafunikira kuti zizikhazikitsidwa pamodzi kuti zikhwime. Simufunikanso kuchoka kwa nthawi yayitali, pakatha sabata amatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Njoka zazing'onozo zikayamba kukwawa, zidzafunika zisamutsidwire kumalo ena.
Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe Chanders
Chithunzi: Zomwe zimawoneka ngati mchenga
Mwa onse ogwirika ndi owuma, ozungulira amakhala ndi adani ambiri: ochepa kwambiri kuti angadziteteze motsutsana ndi zilombo zazikulu, pomwe nyama yake ndi yopatsa thanzi, chifukwa chake iwo ndi nyama yolandiridwa kwa iwo. Mwa omwe amakonda kuwasaka, mbalame zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadya, makamaka akhwangwala ndi akhwangwala, amayang'anira abuluzi, mimbulu yam'chipululu, njoka zazikulu.
Ngozi yayikulu imawaopseza kuchokera kuthambo: mbalame zolimba zimatha kuwona kutalika kwake ngakhale wopindika atayikiridwa mumchenga pafupifupi kwathunthu, kupatula kuti amatha kuwona bwino mayendedwe ake - amatha kuuluka, motsogozedwa ndi njira iyi. Nthawi zambiri, amiseche amapulumutsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a maso, omwe amayang'ana thambo choyamba, osazindikira mbalameyo, njoka imabisala pansi pamchenga. Koma olusa, akudziwa kuti nyama zawo zitha kusiya nthawi iliyonse, yesani kulowetsa izi m'njira kuti zindikiridwe komaliza.
Oyendayenda akuyenera kutsatiranso kumtunda, ndipo ndizowopsa kwambiri panthawi yomwe iwonso amayang'ana chidwi chawo pakudya: nthawi yomweyo, buluzi wamkulu kapena khwangwala wabwinja amatha kuwayang'anitsitsa. Zoyendayenda zimasunthika mokwanira kuthawa kenako kubisala pansi pamchenga, chifukwa nyama zodyerazi zimayesetsa kuzigwira nthawi yomweyo.
Agalu ndi owopsa kwa oyendayenda omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu - nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuti amakumana ndi njoka izi ndikupha. Oyenda pamaulendo ambiri amafa pansi pa matayala a magalimoto, kuyesera kukwawa kudzera mumsewu wopanda madzi. Pomaliza, anthu ena amasokonezedwa ndi ukapolo wambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Sand Choke
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwakuopseza, kuchuluka kwa mchenga pamtchire kumakhalabe wokwera. Mu chipululu cha Central Asia, njoka izi ndi zina mwazofala kwambiri, momwe zimakhalira kachulukirapo ndi munthu m'modzi pa hekitala imodzi. Popeza ndi dera, gawo lalikulu silingatheke.
Chifukwa chake, mwambiri, ngati mtundu, sanakhalebe ndi vuto lakutha. Zowopsa zonse zomwe zimawululidwa ndizabwino pobereka bwino. Komabe, mantha amayamba chifukwa cha magulu awo komanso magulu awo, makamaka omwe amakhala pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala. Chifukwa chake, boma la Nogai lomwe limakhala kumapiri a Kalmykia, komanso ku Ciscaucasia, ngakhale silinaphatikizidwe ndi Red Book palokha, limaphatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera za izo - mndandanda wapadera wa taxa ndi anthu, omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu ku dziko lomwe amakhala.
Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ziwerengero zawo - tsopano alibe magawo wamba, zidagawika pagulu limodzi, m'dera lililonse lomwe anthu akumalowa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa dera lamchenga m'maderawa likuchepera. Mavuto a chikhalidwe chosiyana pakati pa anthu okhala ku Northern China - ngati oyandikana ndi a Mongol amakhala momasuka, ma boas aku China amamva bwino kwambiri chifukwa chogwira ntchito m'maderawo komanso ntchito zawo za mafakitale. Pali kawirikawiri milandu ya poyizoni chifukwa cha zinyalala zamakampani opanga mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuchepa.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Mano a njokayi amafunikira kuti agwire nyamayo mwamphamvu, chifukwa chake nthawi zina imatha kudziyambitsa yokha ikuluma, ngakhale itayesetsa bwanji. Kenako woimira wotsatira wa boa ayenera kusunthidwa mosamala, atagwidwa ndi mutu.
Zikhale mchenga wopondera ndi njoka yaying'ono, ndipo ngakhale pakati pa boas yaying'ono kwambiri, koma yamphamvu ndi yosawoneka: ndizovuta kwambiri kumugwira mumchenga wake, iye mwini amakantha ndi liwiro ngati mphezi kwina kulikonse, kotero kuti zolengedwa zake zazing'ono zimachita mantha kwambiri. Monga chiweto, chitha kukhalanso chosangalatsa, koma chokhacho kwa iwo omwe akukonzekera kulumidwa - ngakhale si owopsa, komabe osasangalatsa.