Dzina lachi Latin: | Erithacus rubecula |
Gulu: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Mtundu wakuda |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Wocheperako pang'ono kuposa mpheta. Mbalame yotetemera, yokhala ndi miyendo italiitali, yokhala ndi mtundu wofiyira wa chifuwa ndi "nkhope". Kulemera 15–23 g, kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 12-16-16. Zimadumphira pansi kapena nthambi, zaryanka nthawi zina zimayima mwadzidzidzi ndikugwada, ndikukoka mchira wake.
Kufotokozera. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kusokonezeka ndi kambuku kenaka wamwamuna, pomwe utoto wofiira kuchokera pakhosi sufika pamphumi ndi maso. Zaryanka zachimuna ndi zachikazi zimapangidwa chimodzimodzi, kusintha kwake kwakanthawi mosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zazing'ono m'chilimwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wa "wakuda", koma mutu wofiira umawonekera kale pachifuwa pawo. Pofika nthawi yophukira, amapanga maula, ngati akuluakulu, koma ndi malire owala kumapiko. Chizindikirochi chimasungidwa mpaka pakati pa chilimwe chotsatira ndipo chimatilola kusiyanitsa mbalame zazing'ono kuchokera kwa akulu nthawi yophukira, komanso kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe - mbalame za chaka chimodzi (chaka cha 2ndala) kuchokera kwa okalamba.
Voterani. Nyimboyi ndiyosiyana kwambiri pakawonekedwe kakang'ono ndi voliyumu, ma troll oyipidwa kwambiri amatha kukhala ngati kukuwa kosamveka, kokhala ndi zolemba "zachitsulo" kapena kumangomva mawu osokosera kapena akumveka mawu. Ilibe nthawi yayitali, imatha kukhala ndi mkokomo wopitilira wa mawu, koma nthawi zambiri mawu osakhalitsa amadziunjika ndi kupuma kosagwirizana. Ambiri amaimba kwambiri madzulo usiku, mbalame zikagona masana, nthawi iyi yamphongo nthawi zambiri imayimba pamwamba pamtengo. Amatha kuyimba usiku. Nthawi zina nyimbo zazifupi zimayimbidwa ndi akazi. Zizindikiro zakudetsa nkhawa komanso zomwe zikulakalaka kwambiri zikumayambateak», «Mafunso apa», «tk-tk-tk"Komanso ngati whidi"siip"kapena"tsii».
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Pafupifupi Europe yonse, Mediterranean, kum'mawa, magawo amafika pafupifupi ku Central Siberia. Ndizofala kwambiri ku Europe ku Europe kuyambira m'nkhalango za steppe mpaka kumpoto kwa taiga. Ndizosamukira, koma kumwera kwa nkhalango mbalame zina zimatha kukhalabe nthawi yozizira. Nyengo ya kum'mwera kwa Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Caucasus, pafupi ndi nyanja za Black ndi Caspian, ku Middle East.
Moyo. Kufika kokha mu Epulo, kumpoto - koyambirira kapena pakati pa Meyi. Mumakhala nkhalango zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zosakanikirana, zonyowa, zokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, komanso malo opanda udzu. Nthawi zambiri chisa chimakhala pansi pochitchinjiriza ndi masamba agwa, stumps, bushwood, chitsamba kapena mtengo wa Khrisimasi. Nthawi zina imamanga zisa zomwe sizikhala zazitali pamwamba pa nthaka m'maenje kapena pakati pamizu.
Chisa chake chimawoneka ngati mbale womwe uli ndi udzu, masamba, mbewa, mizu, ulusi wa bast. Thirayi ili ndi zofanana, koma zofewa zowonjezera ndikuphatikizira ubweya, ulusi wofewa wazomera, nthenga zochepa. Mu clutch pali mazira 5-7, mtundu wawo ndi wowawasa wa pinki kapena wachikasu oyera, nthawi zina amakhala wobiriwira. Madontho ndi ang'ono, achimbudzi kapena ansalu, kapena m'malo mwake timalingaliro ting'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kupopera dzira lonse kapena kupitirira kumapeto. Chachikazi chokha chimadzalowetsa m'mimba kwa masiku 12-16, champhongo chimadyetsa. Makolo amadyetsa anapiye mu chisa kwa masiku 12-16 ndi pafupifupi sabata kuchokera nthawi yochoka. Ambiri awiriawiri kumpoto kwa mtunduwu amakhala kawiri pachilimwe.
Kuchoka kumayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikuyamba mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndipo mbalame zimatha kupezeka kumayambiriro kwa dzinja. Sunthani usiku. Zidolezo zimasonkhana tchire ndi mitengo, ndipo makamaka padziko lapansi, zimadya tizilombo tambiri, akangaude, mphutsi zazing'ono, nsabwe za nkhuni ndi zina zamtundu wina. Modzipereka amadya zipatso ndi njere.
Ara parrot
Dzina lachi Latin: | Erithacus rubecula |
Chizungu: | Ikufotokozedwa |
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Gulu: | Mbalame |
Kufikira: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Flycatcher |
Chifundo: | Zaryanka |
Kutalika kwa thupi: | 15-16 cm |
Kutalika kwa mapiko: | 7 cm |
Wingspan: | 20-22 cm |
Kulemera: | 16-18 g |
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame
Zaryanka (ndi maloboti, m'bandakucha ndi ma aldd) ndi enieni a Thumbelina: kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 16-18 okha ndipo kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi 15-16 cm. Pansi pa mawonekedwe onyozeka a mbalameyo, talente yeniyeni ya woimbayo yabisika - Akuluakulu ali ndi mawu a chic omwe amatha kupikisana ngakhale usiku.
Zowonjezerazo zili ndi utoto wamtundu wa azitona - izi zimagwira pamapiko, mchira ndi mchira. Chikondi, mutu ndi pamimba zimapakidwa utoto. Maso ndi iris ndi zakuda. Matambo a mbalame ndi ochepa thupi, koma modabwitsa. Mwa njira, Zaryanka amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali.
Mlomo wake ndi wakuda komanso wowonda, wocheperako.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chifukwa cha maula ambiri owoneka bwino, zaryanka zimawoneka ngati mafinya ochepa, odzaza kwambiri, koma awa ndi kapangidwe kawo kowonjezera.
Khalidwe ndi kadyedwe
Loboti amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, akangaude, tating'ono, tating'ono. Pafupipafupi, robin imaphatikizapo zipatso kapena mbewu pachakudya chake cha tsiku lililonse.
Zaryanka ndi mbalame yosangalatsa kwambiri yomwe imatsogolera yake, mosiyana ndi njira ina iliyonse ya moyo. Mbalame imasaka yokha, ndipo imakondanso kuyimba popanda kucheza. Koma zaryanka ndi mbalame yosangalatsa komanso yamtendere - imayandikira munthu popanda mantha, imatha kudya ngakhale kuchokera m'manja. Koma pazifukwa zina iye amawona mbalame zina kukhala adani ake. Nthawi zambiri zaryanka amatha kulowa ndewu, kuti ateteze gawo lawo. Opezerera anzawo ndi amuna, ndipo akazi, m'malo mwake, ndi odekha komanso osamala. Pali nthawi zina pomwe zaryanka yachikazi imasamalira anapiye a cockoo.
Kugawa ndi malo
Zaryanka wamba zimakhala ku Europe, Western Siberia, Caucasus, Asia Little, ndi Northwest Africa. Nyengo yotentha, mbalameyi imakonda kukhalako nthawi yozizira ndipo imangokhala moyo wokhalitsa.
Robin amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi malo osungira - amatha kukhala malo osungirako nyama, nkhalango zosakanikirana, zitsamba, minda yamasamba.
Chifukwa chaubwenzi, Zaryanka nthawi zambiri amapeza othandizira pakati pa anthu. Ana amakonda kudyetsa mbalameyi, chifukwa samaopa kudya kuchokera m'manja.
Kusamukira kapena nthawi yozizira
Kuyambira nthawi yozizira mpaka nthawi yachisanu, Zaryanka amasamukira kumayiko otentha, monga ku Africa kapena Caucasus. Mbalame imamverera bwino kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa mpweya sikotsika kuposa 15 digiri.
Zaryanka ndi wa gulu la Passeriformes, banja la ntchentche akuuluka. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zaryanka, yomwe mungaphunzire pansipa.
Javanese phiri zaryanyka - amakhala pachilumba cha Java, Indonesia, Asia Minor. Mbalame imakhala moyo wokhalitsa, chifukwa chosowa kufunika kothawira nyengo yozizira. Pakukongoletsa mitunduyi, mitundu yowala ndiyomwe imapanga. Nthawi zambiri, kum'mwera kumakhala mbalame, zomwe zimawala kwambiri.
Zaryanka wam'manja wakuda kapena Ryukyus Nightingale
Amakhala ku Japan, Taiwan, pachilumba cha Ryukyu, m'chigawo cha South China Sea.
Chizindikiro cha mbalame zamtunduwu ndizomwe zimapezeka pamutu wakuda ndi brisket. Ryukyu Nightingale ndi amene ali ndi mawu abwino kwambiri. Amakhala m'malo a nkhalango.
Zaryanyka waku Japan
Pamakhala zilumba za Japan ndi zisumbu za Izu. Amakhalanso ku Russia pachilumba cha Sakhalin ndi zilumba zakumwera kwa Kuril. Mwa njira, mbalameyi imaphatikizidwa ndi Red Book of Sakhalin ndipo imatetezedwa ndi nkhokwe ya Kurilsky.
Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyi ndi 14 cm, kulemera magalamu 16. Mu mitundu iyi, zithunzi zakugonana zimatchulidwa. Wamphongo ndi mwini wa mtundu wakuda, wam'mimba ndi wabuluu, ndipo chachikazi ndi kamvekedwe ka bulauni, mumtundu wake sakhala wakuda ndi mtundu wabuluu.
Zaryanyka yaku Japan ili ndi mitundu ina ingapo. Kusiyana kwawo kumangokhala malo okhala.
- Mabungwe oyambira kumene amakhala ku Sakhalin Island, kumpoto kwa Japan, kumwera kwa China, komanso ku Rishiri Island.
- Magulu achiwiri omwe amakhala kuzilumbazi: Yakushima, Tanegashima, zisumbu za Izu.
Kusiyana kwamitundu pakati pa masanjidwe sikuwoneka.
Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna
Zaryanka ndi mbalame yachilendo kwambiri - amakonda kusungulumwa. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mbalame zingapo, koma wamwamuna kapena wamkazi akukhala panthambi. Zaryanka sakonda kuvutitsa amodzi, makamaka chifukwa salekerera gulu la mbalame zina. Amphongo, potentha gawo lawo, amatha kumenya nkhondo mwamphamvu. Tsoka ilo, zopitilira 10% zamtunduwu zimafa chifukwa cha nkhondo pakati pawo kapena mitundu ina ya mbalame.
About zaryanka zachikazi, wina akhoza kunena zabwino zonse: woganizira, wodekha, wokoma mtima. Mbalameyi imatha kutulutsa anapiye a anthu ena, mwachitsanzo, makanda a cuckoo. Kuphatikiza apo, chachikazi chokha chimasamala pomanga chisa cha banja, champhongo chimakonda kuimba nyimbo panthawiyi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti kugonana kwamphamvu kumayimba ngakhale madzulo, mbalame zonse zikafuna kugona.
Amuna amakonda kuoneka bwino mu chilichonse, mwachitsanzo: amafika kwambiri kuposa achikazi mu Marichi, ndipo wamkazi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Nesting Zaryanok
Zaryanki chisa m'munsi mwa mitengo kapena ming'alu. Chisa chomwe chija sichili ndi mawonekedwe. A Zaryanki amakonda kukhala otetezeka, chifukwa chake amatsatira lamuloli pomanga nyumba - payenera kukhala china pamwambapa: mwala, kapena muzu wopangidwa ndi mitengo, kuti chisa chimakutidwa ndi anthu akunja.
Ndani sadziwa zaryanka? Pali nthano zokhudzana ndi nyimboyi, amazifotokozera m'mabuku ndikuzikumbukira mu nyimbo. Zaryanka ndiye amakonda anthu ambiri, chifukwa amapereka nyimbo yapadera.
Ngati mutenga cholengedwa chabwinochi chokhala ndi utoto, ndiye kuti mukudziwa - zaryanka ndiyabwino kwambiri, sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso zofunikira zina.
Zaryanka amasintha nthawi yomweyo ukapolo. Ndizovuta kuti ndikhulupirire, koma kwa mbalameyo, mbalameyi ikakhala malo abwino okhala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri, zaryanka zimavutika chifukwa chakuti nyama zambiri zimadyedwa ndi lasa. Ankhandwe, zimbalangondo, amphaka amtchire, ma arm, martens, petting - nyama zonse izi zimadyera zaryanka, komanso, zimaswa zisa zake. Ali ku ukapolo - Zaryanka sakudziwa zonsezi ndipo adzakhala otetezeka.
Zofunikira pa khungu
Pofuna kukonza, ndikwabwino kusankha maselo angapo opangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena nkhuni. Ikani mbalame mbalame m'malo otentha - izi zimalimbikitsa mbalame kuti iziyimba.
Kunyumba, kubereka bwino. Kukomoka kumatenga masiku 14. Makolo onse awiriwa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti anapiye amabadwa opanda nthambo. Kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri, anapiyewo amayang'aniridwa ndi makolo awo mosamala. Kuyesera koyamba kuuluka kumachitika patsiku la makumi awiri pambuyo pobadwa, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi anapiyewo amakhala ngati mbalame zachikulire ndipo amatha kusiya chisa.
Zosangalatsa
- Phwiti ndi mbalame yodabwitsa: sizimakonda kucheza ndi mbalame, koma imamva bwino kwambiri pafupi ndi munthu.
- Mbalame sakonda danga lotseguka, amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango ndi tchire.
- Ku UK, Zaryanka ndi mbalame yolemekezeka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamasitampu achingerezi mumatha kuwona chithunzi cha mbalameyi, chifukwa ndi chizindikiro cha Great Britain.
- Pakulimbana pakati pawo, pafupifupi 10% ya zaryanok amwalira.
- Mbalameyi idakhala ndi dzina lokoma chifukwa choyimba koyambirira - zaryanka zimayimba ndikuwoneka ngati mbandakucha woyamba. Nthawi zina mbalame imatha kumveka madzulo.
- Pali nthano yomwe ikuzungulira pakati pa anthu, ngati kuti zaryanka adalambiridwa ndi Namwaliyo Mariya pakubadwa kwa Yesu - amatenga zinthu kuti apange moto, ndipo lawi lake linachirikiza mapiko ake - chifukwa chake brisket yake ili ndi malo ofiira.
- Ndizosangalatsa kuti zaryanka ali ndi mwayi wokhala nthawi yayitali ku ukapolo, koma m'malo achilengedwe amakhala pamalo owopsa.