Mitundu ya mchenga wam'madzi umakhala ndi ma subspecies awiri: G. I. marica ndi G. I leconceros, onse omwe ali mu Red Book.
Ziphuphuzi ndizofala kumpoto kwa Sahara, zimapezeka ku Egypt, Algeria, Sudan, malo okwezeka a Chad ndi Peninsula ya Arabia.
Sandy gazelle (Gazella leptoceros).
Maonekedwe a mphoyo yamchenga
Mbawala ya mchenga ndi yayikulu kukula: ikafota imafikira masentimita 70, ndipo imalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 30.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mbawala ya mchenga ndi mtundu wautali kwambiri wamtambo wachikaso wokhala ndi zikwanje. Nyanga zake ndi zowongoka komanso zoonda kwambiri. Mchirawo ndi wakuda kuposa thupi lonse, nsonga yake ndi yakuda. Zingwezo ndizocheperako komanso zazitali, mawonekedwe awo amamangidwa mwamphamvu, zomwe zimathandizira kayendedwe pamchenga.
Mchenga wamphongo
Mphesa yamchenga ndi nyama yosiyidwa, imamva bwino pakati pa mchenga ndi zilumba. Mchenga wamchenga umakhala m'malo momwe nyama zambiri sizingakhale ndi moyo.
Mawonekedwe amtundu wamchenga ndimaso osawoneka bwino, malo akuda pamchira ndi zibowolezo zoteteza kumiza mumchenga.
Pakumakhala chilala chachikulu, mbawala zamchenga nthawi zambiri zimasiya zilumba kuti zikapeze chakudya.
Mtunduwu umakhala m'malo omwe anthu sangathe kufikirako, chifukwa chake n`zosatheka kuwerenga zomwe oimira mitunduyo amayenera kudziwa, zomwe zimafotokozeredwa za zithunzithunzizi ndizapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuchepetsa kwa Sand Gazelle
Ndi owerengeka ochepa okha omwe adatha kuwona galu wamtchire, koma m'mbuyomu anali ambiri ndipo ankadziwika kuti ndi anthu wamba ku Sahara. Popeza mapiri ake ali m'mapiri, ndipo pamchenga mutha kuyandikira nyamayo mwakachetechete, nduduzo ndizosavuta kuzigwira. Aluya amasaka galu m'njira yapadera, amagwira mwana, ndipo amayi atathamangira kukulira kwake, amapha chachikazi. Momwemo anapha nyama zambiri. Masiku ano, mbawala zamchenga zasowa m'malo ambiri kumpoto kwa Sahara.
Mbawala za mchenga zimakonda kukhala m'zipululu, koma nthawi zina zimalowa m'malo otsetsereka.
Mu 1897, a Whitaker, omwe adalemba za Tunisia, adazindikira kuti Aluya ambiri amawononga mchenga, chaka chilichonse apaulendo amabwera ndi magulu opitilira 500 a nyanga zawo kuchokera ku Gabes, ndipo achi French adzagula iwo mwakufuna kwawo.
Masiku ano, pali zikwangwani zingapo za mchenga zomwe zapulumuka pa Chigawo cha Arabia, koma osaka magalimoto akuwonongeranso anthu enanso. Popeza palibe zambiri zenizeni zokhudzana ndi moyo wa mchenga wam'mchenga, ndizovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwawo. Koma zikuwonekeratu kuti zachifundo zophedwa mopanda chisoni nyamazi zidaphedwa m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuchuluka kwa mchenga wamchenga watsika kwambiri, koma mwina zinthu sizinakhale zowopsa.
Khwangwala wamchenga samatetezedwa kumalo komwe amakhala. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama izi sizikhala mosungira ndipo sizikhala m'mapaki amtundu. Zomvetsa chisoni zoterezi zimakhudzanso mitundu ina yam'chipululu.
Chiwerengero cha mitundu yonseyi chikuyerekeza anthu osapitilira 2500, motero namchenga amatchedwa "ali pachiwopsezo".
Nyama izi zidatha kuzolowera nyengo yazipululu momwe zinthu zambiri zopanda moyo mulibe, koma siziloledwa kupulumuka.
Choyipa chachikulu komanso chosasinthika chidzachitika ngati anthu alola kufa kwa mitundu. Ngati tithana ndi vuto losunga nyamazo moyenera, chimbudzicho chimatha kukhala chakudya chama protein m'malo omwe ziweto sizingathe kupulumuka.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Antelope - kufotokoza, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, chithunzi
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyaniwa ndi amitundu yosiyana ndi mabanja ocheperako, onse amagawana zinthu zosiyana. Nyama zina zimakhala ndi thupi lopatsa chidwi, zina ndi zolemera komanso zokulirapo, koma ma anthanthi onse ali ndi miyendo yayitali, yofowoka.
Kukula kwapakati pa mitundu yambiri ya anyaniwa ndi pafupifupi 100 cm ndi kulemera kwa thupi pafupifupi 150 kg.
Mbala yayikulu kwambiri, Canna vulgaris (Taurotragus oryx,, kutalika kwa 1.6 m, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 3 m, ndipo kulemera kwa zonena zamtundu umodzi kumafikira 1 toni. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa nyerereNeotragus pygmaeus) ndi 25-30 cm basi, ndipo kulemera kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumasiyana pakati pa 1.5 ndi 3.6 kg.
Canna wamba. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Pkuczynski
Kashala Antelope. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Klaus Rudloff
Thupi la anyaniwo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, lolimba, lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yowala bwino kuchokera ku bulai mpaka bulau komanso khungu lamtambo.
Mitundu ina ya artiodactyl imayalidwa mumchenga ndi imvi, m'mafanizo ena amaoneka amtundu wakhungu wokhala ndi mimba yoyera.
Amuna a anyani ambiri amavala chingwe chachifupi chothamangira msana ndi ndevu zazingwe. Mchira wa antelope umatha mtolo wa tsitsi - bulashi.
Mitundu yambiri ya anyani, ngati agwape, imakhala ndi tiziwalo tambiri tambiri tomwe timakhala tinthu tating'ono, chinsinsi chomwe amuna amatenga gawo lawo.
Mitu yokwezeka ya nsanje zonse zimakongoletsa nyanga zawo zomwe zimakula miyoyo yawo yonse, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yayikulu, koma sizikhala ndi nthambi, mwachitsanzo, ngati mbawala. Nyanga zimayimiridwa ndi awiri awiri, kupatula mbendera ya nyanga zinayi (ili ndi awiriawiri a nyanga).
M'mitundu ina ya anyani, amuna okha ndi omwe amavala nyanga, pomwe ena amakhala ndi mitundu ina ya anyani, mitu ya amuna ndi akazi omwe amakongoletsa. Kutalika kwa nyanga za antelope kumasiyana kuchoka pa 2 cm mpaka 1.5 metres, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana: m'mitundu ina nyanga zimasunthidwa momwe zimapangidwira nthawi yayitali, mwa ena nyanga zake ndi za ng'ombe kapena zimakulungidwa ndikuphatikizidwa kuchokera ku mphete zambiri.
Nyanga zooneka ngati maimphongo zaimuna zimafika masentimita 92 kutalika. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Muhammad Mahdi Karim
Pamimba yayikulu, nyanga zopindika ndi kanga zimapezeka pamutu, mpaka mita imodzi kutalika. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Hans Hillewaert
Nyanga zakuthwa za mbendera ya Oryx zimatha kukula mpaka mita 1.5. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Yathin S Krishnappa
Mu nsanganizo za nyanga zinayi, nyanga zimamera mwa zazimuna zokha. Mbali ziwiri zakumbuyozi zimafika kutalika kwa 10 cm, kutsogolo - 4 cm. Nthawi zina mbali zam'mbuyo za nyanga sizimawoneka konse.
Chibwano ndi nyama yamanyazi ndipo ndiyotchuka poyankha msanga zoopsa.
Chifukwa cha miyendo yayitali, anyani amayendetsa bwino kwambiri ndipo ali m'gulu la nyama khumi zomwe zikuthamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi: liwiro lamphamvu kwambiri limafikira 55-80 km / h, ndipo pronghorn yaku America imafulumira kufika pa 88,5 km / h ngati kuli kofunikira ndipo ili yachiwiri kwa cheetah pakuthamanga.
Pronghorn ndi nyama yachiwiri yomwe ikuthamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa kubaya.
Mdani wa Antelope
Ma Antelope ali ndi adani ambiri: mwachilengedwe, nyama zazikuluzikulu zimaziwononga - akambuku, mikango, nyalugwe, fisi. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu kumayambitsidwa ndi munthu, chifukwa nyama ya antelope imawonedwa ngati chokoma kwambiri ndipo imakhala yosangalatsa pakati pa anthu ambiri.
Kutalika kwa nthawi ya antelope m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 12 mpaka 20.
Kodi nyerere zimakhala kuti?
Ambiri mwa anyaniwa amakhala ku South Africa, mitundu yambiri imapezeka ku Asia. Mitundu iwiri yokha yokha imakhala ku Europe: chamois ndi saiga (saiga). Mitundu ingapo imakhala ku North America, monga pronghorn.
Anzanu ena amakhala kumapiri ndi kumapiri, ena amakonda chinsanja ndi nkhalango, ena amakhala moyo wawo wonse kumapiri.
Kodi antelope amadya chiyani zachilengedwe?
Chingwe ndi herbivore yoyenda bwino, m'mimba mwake mumakhala zipinda zinayi, zomwe zimaloleza kugaya zakudya zam'mera zokhala ndi mapadi. Antelopes amadya m'mamawa kapena kunja kukucha, kutentha kumatha, komanso kusaka chakudya sikuyenda.
Zakudya za antelope ambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yazitsamba, masamba a zitsamba zobiriwira ndi mphukira za mitengo yaying'ono. Ma nyerere ena amadya zitsamba, zipatso, zipatso, nthangala, maluwa, ndi ndere. Mitundu ina imakhala yosasamala mu chakudya, ina imakonda kusankha ndipo imadya mitundu ya zitsamba, motero imasuntha nthawi ndi nthawi kukafunafuna chakudya.
Mbawala zam'madzi zimamva bwino mvula ikubwera ndipo imazindikira molondola komwe kayendedwe kakuyandikira njira yabwino.
Mu nyengo yotentha ya ku Africa, mitundu yambiri ya anyaniwa amatha kupita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kudya udzu wokhala ndi chinyezi.
Mitundu ya anyani, zithunzi ndi mayina
Kugawikana kwa antelopes sikosasintha ndipo pakalipano pali mabanja akuluakulu 7, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa:
- Chikumbutso kapena kwanyanja(Ma Clocha)
Antelope waku Africa, ndi mtundu wa nyama za artiodactyl za Bubal subfamily, kuphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: yakuda ndi yamtambo yamtambo.
- Zonyansa zakudaiye yoyera yoyera kapena kwanyanja(Ma Clochaetes gnou)
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri za antelope african. Antelope amakhala ku South Africa. Kukula kwa abambo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 111 mpaka 121, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pamtunda wamamita awiri ndi kulemera kwa 160 mpaka 270 kg, ndipo zazimayi ndizochepa kwambiri kukula kwa amuna. Zithunzi za amuna ndi akazi zimakhala zofiirira kapena zakuda, zazikazi ndizopepuka kuposa zazimuna, ndipo michira ya nyama imakhala yoyera nthawi zonse. Nyanga za anyani aku Africa zili mu mawonekedwe a mbedza, zimayamba kukula pansi, kenako kutsogolo komanso m'mwamba. Kutalika kwa nyanga za anyani amphongo kumafika mpaka masentimita 78. Ndevu zakuda zakumaso zimamera pamaso pa zonyansa zakuda, ndipo chingwe choyera chokhala ndi nsonga zakuda chimakongoletsa kunenepa kwa khosi.
- Mtundu wabuluu(Connochaetes taurinus)
zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zakuda. Kukula kwapakati pa antelopes ndi 115-145 cm ndi kulemera kwa 168 mpaka 274 kg. Zinyama zamtundu wa buluu zidatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha mtundu wamtambo wamtambo wonyezimira, komanso mikwingwirima yakuda, ngati zebra, yomwe ili kumbali za nyama. Mchira ndi manewa a antelopes ndi wakuda, nyanga za-ng'ombe, imvi kapena zakuda. Mtondo wamtambo umadziwika ndi zakudya zomwe zimasankha kwambiri: antelope amadya zitsamba zamtundu wina, chifukwa chake amakakamizidwa kusamukira kumadera komwe kumagwa mvula komanso chakudya chofunikira chikakula. Mawu a nyamayo ndi wokuwa kwambiri komanso kwammphuno. Pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni ya abuluu amtchire a buluu omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa mayiko aku Africa: Namibia, Mozambique, Botswana, Kenya ndi Tanzania, 70% ya anthu akhazikika mu Serengeti National Park.
- Nyala kapena clear nyala(Tragelaphus angasii)
Mbendera ya Africa Horn yochokera ku subfamily bovine ndi genus nkhalango. Kutalika kwa nyamazo ndi pafupifupi 110 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 140. Kulemera kwa antelopes akuluakulu kumayambira 55 mpaka 125 kg. Amuna a Nyala ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi: Amuna okhala ndi imvi amavala nyanga zopindika zokhala ndi nsonga zoyera 60 mpaka 83 masentimita, ali ndi chingwe chodumphira kumbuyo, komanso tsitsi lakuthwa likulendewera kutsogolo kwa khosi kukafika pang'onopang'ono. Akazi a Nyala alibe nyanga ndipo amadziwika ndi mtundu wofiirira. Mwa amuna ndi akazi onse, mpaka 18 mizere yoyera ya utoto woyera imawoneka bwino pambali. Gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha antelope ndi masamba atsopano a mitengo yaying'ono, udzu umangogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi. Nyala ndi malo okhala nyala ndi malo owuma kwambiri m'malo a Zimbabwe ndi Mozambique. Nyama zinalengedwanso m'mapaki adziko la Botswana ndi South Africa.
- Maonedwe okhudzana - phiri nyala(Tragelaphus buxtoni)
umasiyana pakhungu lalikulu poyerekeza ndi nyala. Kutalika kwa thupi la chithokomiro cha m'mapiri ndi ma 150-180 masentimita, kutalika kwake kufota pafupifupi mita 1, nyanga zaimuna zimafikira 1 mita kutalika. Kulemera kwa antelope kumasiyana pakati pa 150 ndi 300 kg. Mitunduyi imangokhala kumadera akumapiri a Ethiopian Highlands ndi East African Rift Valley.
- Mawonekedwe ahatchiiye kubangula kwahatchi yoyenda(Hippotragus equinus)
Chingwe cha Africa chokhala ndi nyanga zotsika, mmodzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu kwambiri kutalika kwake pafupifupi 1.6 m ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 300 kg. Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi masentimita 227- 288. Potengera mawonekedwe ake, nyamayo imafanana ndi kavalo. Chovala cholimba cha tchire chahatchi chimakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira komanso wamtambo wofiirira, ndipo chigoba chakuda ndi choyera "cholochedwa" pankhope pake. Mitu ya amuna ndi akazi imakhala yokongoletsedwa ndi makutu ataliitali okhala ndi zingwe kumalangizo ndi nyanga zopindika zolunjika kumbuyoko. Nthawi zambiri mbalame za mahatchi zimadya udzu kapena algae, ndipo nyama izi sizimadya masamba ndi masamba azitsamba. Mbawala imakhala m'misewu ya West, East ndi South Africa.
- Bongo(Tragelaphus eurycerus)
mtundu wosowa wa anyani aku Africa omwe adalembedwa mu International Red Book. Nyama zamtunduwu ndi zam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi komanso mitundu ya anyani amtchire. Bongos ndi nyama zazikulu: kutalika kufota kwa okhwima kumafika 1-1.3 m, ndipo kulemera kuli pafupifupi 200 kg. Oimira mitunduyi amadziwika ndi mtundu wofiyira, wofiira kwambiri ndi mikwingwirima yoyera mbali zawo, zisumbu za ubweya woyera pamiyendo yawo komanso malo oyera oyera pamsana. Ma antelope a ku Bongo ndiabwino ndipo amakonda kudya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu ndi masamba a masamba. Kukhazikika komwe nyamazo zimadutsa m'nkhalango zomwe sizingafikeko ndi malo amapiri ku Central Africa.
- Antelope wa nyanga zinayi(Tetracerus quadricornis)
antelope wachilendo waku Asia komanso woimira yekha wa bovids, yemwe mutu wake sunakongoletsedwe osati ndi 2, koma ndi nyanga 4. Kukula kwa anyaniwa ndi pafupifupi 55-54 cm ndi kulemera kwa thupi kosaposa 22 kg. Thupi la nyama limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi mimba yoyera. Amuna okha ndi omwe amapatsidwa nyanga: mbali yakutsogolo ya nyanga sizimafika 4 cm, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yosawoneka, nyanga zakumbuyo zimakula mpaka 10 cm. Mbawala ya nyanga zinayi imadyera pa udzu ndipo imakhala m'nkhalango ya India ndi Nepal.
- Cow anelopeiye Congongi, wopepera kapena wamba bubal(Alcelaphus buselaphus)
Ichi ndi fanizo laku Africa kuchokera ku Bubal subfamily. Colonis ndi nyama zazikulu zakutalika pafupifupi 1,3 m ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 2 m. Khola la ng'ombe limalemera pafupifupi 200 kg. Kutengera ndi subspecies, mtundu wa ubweya wa Kongoni umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi kuwala mpaka bulawuni wakuda, mawonekedwe akuda amawoneka pamizere, ndipo zilembo zakuda zimakhala pamiyendo. Nyanga zapamwamba mpaka 70 cm zazitali zimavalidwa ndi amuna ndi akazi onse; mawonekedwe awo ndi mwezi wozungulira, wopindika mbali ndi m'mwamba. Cow antelope amadya zitsamba ndi masamba a tchire. Oimira mabungwe a Kongoni amakhala ku Africa konse: kuyambira ku Morocco kupita ku Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya ndi Tanzania.
- Wachithunzi wakuda(Hippotragus niger)
Mbala ya ku Africa, yomwe ndi yamtundu wofanana ndi antelope, banja la antelope okhala ndi nyanga. Kukula kwa mbozi yakuda ndi pafupifupi masentimita 130 ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 230 makilogalamu. Amuna akuluakulu amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wamtambo wakuda, womwe umasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi mimba yoyera. Amuna ndi akazi achichepere amakhala ndi njerwa kapena mtundu wa bulauni. Nyanga, zopindika kumbuyo ndi masikono ndipo zimakhala ndi mphete zambiri, zimakhala ndi amuna ndi akazi. Mbawala zakuda zimakhala kumapiri kuyambira Kenya, Tanzania ndi Ethiopia mpaka kumwera kwa Africa.
- Kanna ndi canna wamba(Taurotragus oryx)
chiphona chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kunja, canna imawoneka ngati ng'ombe, yocheperako kwambiri, ndipo miyeso ya nyamayo ndi yosangalatsa: kutalika kwake kufota kwa akuluakulu ndi 1.5, kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira mamita 2-3, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kukhala 500 mpaka 1000 kg. Canna wamba amakhala ndi chovala chakuda chofiirira, chomwe chimakhala cha imvi m'maso ndi mapewa. Amphongo amadziwika ndi zikutilo za pakhungu komanso tsitsi lowoneka bwino pamphumi. Mbali zapadera za chithunzicho ndi kuchokera kumizere 2 mpaka 15 yakutsogolo kutsogolo kwa thunthu, mapewa akuluakulu ndi nyanga zolunjika zowoneka bwino zomwe zimakongoletsa zazimuna ndi zazikazi. Zakudya zamkati zimakhala ndi zitsamba, masamba, komanso ma rhizomes ndi ma tubers, omwe nyama zimachotsedwa pansi ndi ziboda zakutsogolo. Mbawala ya eland imakhala kumapeto ndi kumapiri kwa Africa konse, kupatula madera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto.
- Chithokomiroiye mbalame yakuda (Neotragus pygmaeus)
yaying'ono kwambiri yazingwe, ndiyamagulu amnyanja enieni. Kukula kwa chiweto cha munthu wamkulu kumafikira 20-25 cm (kawirikawiri 30 cm) wokhala ndi thupi lolemera 1.5 mpaka 3.6 kg. Mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene amakhala wolemera pafupifupi 300 g ndipo amatha kulowa m'manja mwa munthu. Zingwe za kumbuyo za antelope ndizitali kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo, chifukwa cha nkhawa nyama zimatha kudumpha mpaka 2.5m kutalika.Akuluakulu ndi ana a ng'ombe amapakidwa utoto womwewo ndipo amakhala ndi chovala chofiirira, koma kansayo, m'mimba, mkati mwamiyendo ndi ngayaye zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mchira. Amuna amakula nyanga zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi cheni komanso kutalika kwa 2,5-3,5.tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadyera masamba ndi zipatso. Malo okhala zachilengedwe monga zinyama ndi nkhalango zowuma za West Africa: Liberia, Cameroon, Guinea, Ghana.
- Common Gazelle (Gazella gazella)
chinyama chochokera kumitundu yeniyeni yeniyeni. Kutalika kwa thupi la gazelle kumasiyana kuchokera pa 98-115 cm, kulemera - kuchokera pa 16 mpaka 29,5 kg. Zachikazi ndi zopepuka kuposa zazimuna ndipo zazing'ono kutalika kwa 10 cm. Thupi la gazi wamba ndi loonda, khosi ndi miyendo ndizitali, kaphokoso kam'miyendo kamene kali ndi mchira wa 8-13 cm. -12 cm. Mtundu wa chovalacho kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwake ndi woderapo, pamimba, m'mimba komanso mkati mwa miyendo malowo ndi oyera. Nthawi zambiri malire amtunduwu amagawidwa ndi chingwe chakuda. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa nyamazo ndi mikwingwirima yoyera pakapukutira, kamene kamatalikirana kuchokera nyanga mpaka maso mpaka mphuno ya nyama. Mbawala yambewu imakhala kumadera a chipululu ndi Israel komanso Saudi Arabia, ku UAE, Yemen, Lebanon ndi Oman.
- Impala kapena mbozi wamutu wakuda (Aepyceros melampus)
Kutalika kwa nthumwi za oimira zamtunduwu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 120-160 masentimita ndi kutalika kufota kwa 75-95 cm ndi kulemera kwa 40 mpaka 80 kg. Amuna amavala nyanga zooneka ngati maimre, kutalika kwake kumakonda kupitirira masentimita 90. Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi wofiirira, ndipo mbali zake ndizowwala pang'ono. Mimba, malo pachifuwa, komanso khosi ndi chifuwa ndizoyera. Pamiyendo yakumanzere mbali zonse ziwiri pali mikwaso yakuda yowala, ndipo pamwamba pa ziboda pali tinthu tating'ono takuda. Zovala zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka ku Kenya, Uganda, kufikira ku South Africa ndi dera la Botswana. Gulu limodzi limakhala palokha kumalire a Angola ndi Namibia, ndipo limadziwikika ngati gulu lodziimira pawokha (Aepyceros melampus petersi).
- Saiga kapena saiga (Saiga tatarica)
chinyama chochokera kumitundu yeniyeni yeniyeni. Kutalika kwa thupi la saiga kumayambira 110 mpaka 146 masentimita, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 23 mpaka 40 makilogalamu, kutalika kufota ndi masentimita 60-80. Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, miyendo yake ndi yopendekera komanso yifupi. Zonyamulira zokhala ndi nyanga zoyera ngati zachikasu ndimamuna okha. Chizindikiro cha mawonekedwe a saigas ndi mphuno: imawoneka ngati mtengo wofewa wofewa wokhala ndi mphuno yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imapatsa chiuno cha nyama. Mtundu wa chithunzi cha saiga chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka: chilimwe, chovalacho chimakhala chofiirira, chofiyira mpaka kumbuyo komanso chopepuka pamimba, nthawi yozizira ubweya umapeza mtundu wa dongo lofiirira. Ma Saigas amakhala kudera la Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan, amapezeka ku Turkmenistan, kumadzulo kwa Mongolia ndi ku Uzbekistan, ku Russia malo omwe amakhala ndi dera la Astrakhan, mapiri a Kalmykia, Altai Republic.
- Zebra Duker (Cephalophus zebra)
mayi wachilengedwe wotchedwa genus. Kutalika kwa thupi la duker ndi 70-90 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 9 mpaka 20 ndipo kutalika kufota masentimita 40-50. Thupi la nyamayo ndi squat, yokhala ndi minofu yolimba bwino komanso yoluka kumbuyo. Miyendo yake ndiyifupi koma yopindika pakati. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi nyanga zazifupi. Ubweya wa mbawala yambuzi umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje, mawonekedwe a "zebra" a mikwaso yakuda amaonekera bwino mthupi - manambala awo amasiyanasiyana kuyambira zidutswa 12 mpaka 15. Kukhazikika kwa nyamayi kumakhala gawo laling'ono ku West Africa: mbidzi imakonda kukhala m'malo otentha ku Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone ndi Ivory Coast.
- Jebran (Gazella subgutturosa)
chinyama cha mtundu wamphongo, banja la ma bovid. Kutalika kwa gulu la mbewa kumachokera ku masentimita 93 mpaka 116 ndi kutalika kwa 18 mpaka 33 kg ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 60 mpaka 75. Mutu wa anyamatawa umakongoletsedwa ndi nyanga zakuda zoimbidwa ndi mphete zosinthika, zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda nyanga, ngakhale anthu ena ali ndi nyanga zazing'ono zazing'ono -5 cm. Kumbuyo ndi mbali zambuyo zolocha mumchenga, m'mimba, khosi ndi miyendo mkati mwake ndi zoyera. Nsonga ya mchira nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, mawonekedwe pankhope amatchulidwa momveka bwino: amayimiriridwa ndi malo a bulauni m'mphuno ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kuchokera kumaso mpaka kumakona amkamwa. Jeyran amakhala kumapiri, kumapiri ndi madera ena achipululu ku Armenia, Georgia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Turkmenistan, ndipo amapezeka kumwera kwa Mongolia, Iran, Pakistan, Azzeran ndi China.
Kubala anthambo
Ma Antelope ndi nyama zamtendere ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu olimba, ogwirizana. Amuna ndi akazi amapanga banja lokhalokha ndipo amakhala okhulupilika kwa wina ndi mzake kwa moyo wawo wonse. Gulu logwirizana, lotsogozedwa ndi okwatirana, limaphatikizapo achichepere 5 mpaka 12, abambo achimuna amayang'anira gawo, mzimayi amafufuza malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo otetezedwa kuti apumule ndi usiku. Amuna achichepere okhwima nthawi zina amapanga magulu ogonana ndipo, popanda banja losatha, amakhala ngati akazi omwe agwera m'gawo lawo.
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa nyerere zimadalira malo: mitundu ina imakhala yokhazikika, mwa ina imakhala nyengo inayake. Kutha kwa anyani kumachitika ali ndi zaka 16-18 miyezi. Akazi achichepere amabwera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakopa chidwi cha amuna. Ufulu wokhala ndi mkazi umayenera kukhala wamwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri. Kulimbana kumenyedwa pakati pa amuna pomwe otsutsana amatembenuka, ngati mphete, ndikugunda ndi nyanga. Nkhondo isanachitike, amuna amtundu wina amadzuka, amatulutsa malilime awo ndikukweza mchira wawo, kuwonetsa kuti mdani alibe chidwi komanso kuti amapambana.
Mimba ya Antelope imatha kuyambira miyezi 5.5 mpaka 9, kutengera mitundu. Asanabadwe, yaikazi imachoka munkhokwe zowzunguliridwa ndi miyala, komwe imakonda kubweretsa mwana 1, osadziwika kawiri.
Poyamba, ana a anthambo amadya mkaka wa mayi, amakhala otetezedwa. Mwana akakwanitsa miyezi 3-4, amayamba kumata yekha payekha ndikubwerera ndi mayiyo, koma kuyamwitsa kumatenga mpaka miyezi 5-7.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za fanizo
- Chosangalatsa china chachilengedwe cham'madzi chimakhala chinsinsi kwa asayansi. Gulu la nyama zodyera modekha mwadzidzidzi, popanda chifukwa, limayamba kuvina kwamisala, kupanga kulumpha kwakukulu ndi nyambo kuchokera pamenepo, komanso kumenya ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Pakupita mphindi, "likhweru" limakhalanso modzidzimutsa, ndipo nyamazo zimapitilirabe kusetcha udzu, ngati kuti palibe chomwe chidachitika.
- Kuphatikiza pa chovala chachikulu, antelopes (Latin Oreotragus oreotragus) amakhala ndi tsitsi lopanda khungu lomwe limalumikizidwa momasuka pakhungu.
- M'mitundu ina ya anyani, khosi lalitali komanso lopindika la zolumikizana zachikazi zimaloleza nyama kuti iziyime ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, ndikutsamira kutsogolo kwa thunthu la mitengo, kufikira nthambi zamitengo, ngati milalang'amba.
Kudumpha pachimake (lat.Oreotragus oreotragus). Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Neil Strickland
Habitat
Adagawidwa koyambirira kwa North Africa. Malowa akuphatikiza mitundu iwiri: G. I. leptoceros ndi G. I. marica. Zipilala zamitundu yadzikoli zili ponseponse kumpoto kwa Sahara, kuyambira ku Algeria kupita ku Egypt komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Sudan, komanso kumapiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Chad. Zolemba za subspecies G. I. marica khalani pachilumba cha Arabia.
Monga zowonjezera, mchenga - mtundu weniweni wam'chipululu, amakhala pakati pa mchenga wa dune, pomwe nyama zochepa zimatha kupulumuka. Pakakhala chilala chachikulu, mbawala nthawi zambiri zimasiyira ndulu zake kukafunafuna chakudya. Ndi owerengeka ochepa okha omwe adawona chimpira cha mchenga kuthengo, ngakhale chisanachitike chinali nyama wamba ku Sahara. Whitaker, yemwe adalemba za Tunisia mu 1897, akuti Aluya "amapha nyama zambiri, ndipo chaka chilichonse apaulendo amabwera ndi mapaundi 500-600 a nyanga zam'mimbazi kuchokera mkati kupita ku Gabes, komwe asitikali aku France adzagula modzifunira."
Mbawala ya mchenga imakhala m'zipululu koma nthawi zina imadutsa m'mapiri omwe amakhala moyandikana nawo.
Kuwonongeka kwakhazikika komweko sikuloleza kuphunzira pang'onopang'ono wa mitunduyi. Kudziwa za nyamayo ndikwachilendo kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso cholondola, momwe zimakhalira pakadali pano nkovuta kudziwa. Komabe, izi ndizokwanira kumvetsetsa momwe nyama yophedwa mopanda chisoni idaphedwa m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi komanso momwe chiwerengero chake chidachepetsera, ngakhale zinthu sizingakhalebe zovuta. M'mbali zonse zikuluzikulu, mbewa zam'mchenga sizisungidwa kulikonse, ndipo sizipezeka paliponse kapena malo osungirako nyama.